Showing posts with label Enescu. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Enescu. Show all posts

Thursday, November 3, 2022

Interview with pianist Daria Parkhomenko about her recording of Enescu's music

The debut recording from pianist Daria Parkhomenko, a Russian of Romanian origin, features three major works by George Enescu. To celebrate its release on the Prospero Classical label, I discuss her love of Enescu's music in an interview below.


[Image credit: Michael Reinicke]

ED: How did you first encounter George Enescu’s music? How long have you been playing Enescu’s music for?
 
DP: As a performer, I began to learn the music of George Enescu 4 years ago, in 2018. I took part at the George Enescu International Competition in Bucharest and obligatory piece in the semifinal was one of his piano works. At that time I knew quite a lot of his symphonic music, chamber music, violin sonatas, but his piano works were unknown to me. I chose the second suite for the semifinal, and I really fell in love with this music.

After the competition, I was motivated to learn more his piano works. After the Second Suite I started to learn the first piano sonata, which would later become my favorite, and later, I was interested to learn more, and I opened the scores of the Third piano sonata, which I learned quite quickly, as I had a lot of time during the pandemic. 

The inexhaustibility of Enescu's fantasy in his music is amazing and makes his music special and captivates every listener, and this inspired me to record my first album with three piano works by him.



ED: Your debut recording includes three major piano pieces by Enescu – the two sonatas and the second piano suite. How important are these pieces for you as a pianist?

DP: As I like very much 20th century music in general, I was interested to learn new music from this time for my concert programmes. And despite the fact that pianists have an extremely large repertoire, I am very happy to learn new piano works, especially if they are little known to listeners, and present it to the audience. 

For me, as for musician, a new piano piece is like a new book. It is always an occasion to discover something new in music and in yourself. Definitely through this music it helped me develop as a musician in many ways, I developed as an artist, discovering and playing his music.  As I have Romanian roots, Enescu’s music has a very special connection to me.  I am very happy that I have discovered this gorgeous music, and feel that I have learned more about Romanian culture and I understood myself deeper as a Romanian.

ED: How did you approach recording the works? What specific interpretive points did you want to make about them?

DP: It is surprising that there are not so many recordings of these works, and at the very beginning of studying the text and understanding the concept of this music, it was not so easy for me. In many aspects, his music is complex in structure and I want to note that he wrote his notes in scores in great detail regarding tempos, dynamics, colors. In general, it is unusually curious to learn music with a clean slate, it inspires much more to create your own interpretation.



Watch the CD trailer above

ED: Enescu lived as an international musician - in Romania, in Paris and he toured extensively. At heart, though, he was Romanian. What Romanian influences do you find in his piano writing?

DP: Enescu was a giant musician, and he composed music that was different both emotionally and stylistically, the inspiration for which was the music of Brahms, the music of french impressionists, and of course the Romanian folk music. 

The folk art of his homeland was primarily an inspiration for his works. Therefore, in each of his works, in addition to the influence of classical and romantic traditions, the influence of folk songs and dances can be felt. For example, the First piano sonata is an example of his unique compositional style. I find especially thrilling the mixture of Romanian folklore and turn of the century French Impressionism. In my opinion, 
both the piano sonatas, for their musical language and technical means, are among the most difficult of Enescu's pieces for piano.

ED: Enescu’s music often presents many challenges to a performer. What challenges did you find in these works?

DP: His music is extremely rich in different types of effects and diverse emotions through musical gestures and diverse dynamics. I feel this interesting combination fits quite well and his music is very close to my heart.

Most important was for me to show the variety of his compositional effects, which Enescu heard in many ways as a violinist. And for performer this is a very interesting creative process, that comes a lot from imagining and hearing these effects rather than technical abilities. I would like to acquaint and involve as many listeners as possible with the piano repertoire of Enescu.

ED: I know you often play Enescu’s piano works within your recital programmes. What do you find the audience reaction is to them?

DP: After winning the Enescu competition, I combined various programs for my recitals, included piano and chamber works by Enescu, and I am very pleased that many listeners listened to this wonderful music with great interest, as did I myself. 

I remember my first performance of the 1 piano sonata in Hamburg, which I learned for my master exam, and I did not expect to get so many positive reviews about only this sonata, and it’s motivated me a lot. It often happens that if a piece of work is little known to the listener, he is not always able to fully understand the music and perceive it. Enescu's music is largely ambiguous. And as a performer, it is interesting and very valuable for me to hear the understanding of the meaning of this music from different people, that is, how they hear this music and how they perceive it.

ED: Enescu wrote a great deal of other music for the piano, are any of those in your repertoire? Do you plan to play or record other pieces by Enescu in the future?

DP: I also performed the third violin sonata, arranged for classical saxophone, which is very unusual, and I managed to perform this year in concert, it was very interesting and exciting experience. And of course, I would like to learn many other works of Enescu, both for piano and chamber music and arrangements.

Enescu was a brilliant musician and a great teacher. He had an incredible aura that captivated audiences. The passion, the colourfulness and the melancholy of his music makes this music very attractive to the listener. I am very happy to recommend all pianists in the world to familiarize themselves with the piano works of George Enescu. And I believe that people will inspired by this wonderful music as much as I am!

ED: Thank you very much, Daria. I wish you all the best for your recording, future career and further discovery of Enescu's music.

Friday, October 14, 2022

Interview with violinist Nicolas Dautricourt about The Enescu Project

The violinist Nicolas Dautricourt discusses his discovery of Enescu's music with me and introduces his new recording, The Enescu Project, available on the Orchid Classics label.



ED: Nicolas, thank you for agreeing to an interview about Enescu's music, which I have loved for many years. How did you first encounter George Enescu’s music? How long have you been playing Enescu’s music for?

ND:  A very long time ago, nearly 20 years, at the occasion of a summer festival in the US, I heard a friend of mine, So-Ock Kim, an extraordinary violinist who works now at Beare’s, the famous string instruments workshops, performing it. She played it marvellously, and on the top of, everything by heart, which represents a HUGE challenge! 

I didn’t fall in love with the piece, but I really admired the performance, it was extremely impressive.

A few years after, I had to play with another friend of mine the pianist Dana Ciocarlie, and to be totally honest, if I enjoyed the general atmosphere, I didn’t feel myself very much at ease with all the indications that are written in the music, dynamics, tempo markings, articulations and so on; I must say that, since I like to be free with my interpretations in general and choose, rather, to take distances with indications and rely on my instinct, it was blocking me a bit, and I didn’t really have fun, as if I drove a car in the middle of wonderful landscapes, but had to check the meter with speed and consummation every 2 seconds.

This was a bit frustrating… And then, in 2015, I discovered the String Octet…



ED: What was the inspiration behind your new CD, “The Enescu Project”?

ND: The Enescu Project is a musical and also human adventure, around this piece, the prodigious Octet for strings, that Enescu composed when he was 19 years old. The main inspiration, the only one that prevails, was in my mind to let people know how this piece is a genius piece, and the roads, after, all converged to this goal.

 

ED: In your view, how is Enescu’s music appreciated or known by audiences today? When you have played Enescu’s music, what has been the reaction of listeners to it?

ND: It’s difficult to say; Enescu is known by Romanian people, he’s known by musicians, and i think that’s it. 

And actually in concert, it’s mostly well received, but if you really want your message to go through, you have to play it really with your guts, with intensity and passion, with full physical and emotional commitment, because it’s the language can be a bit hard sometimes, especially for people who don’t have much frames of references in classical music. 


ED: On the recording, you include repertoire by composers that Enescu studied with, or collaborated with as a performer. How important is it that Enescu’s music is appreciated in the context of his peers?

ND: I imagined this project as an exhibition, like a pictural exhibition.

You enter the museum to attend an exhibition from a famous painter for example, there are some rooms where you can admire his works from the youth, some rooms where you can see the paintings from the contemporaries, some other where you see some draws, etc etc, and everything leads you at the end, to the great room where you see the masterpieces.

This was a bit of this idea when we built the program of the Enescu Project, the idea of a line, a thread, a road alongside which you discover Enescu from various angles, a road where also your desire to discover what it hides at the end, step by step, piece by piece, is sharpened, and finally, to finish, the « chef d’œuvre ».


ED: As a performer, what makes the Octet special for you?

ND: This piece is indeed very special to me, as like I said, it represents not only the musical aspect, but also the human adventure around it.

When I decided to play the piece, without knowing already that it would become a project, a CD and so on, I gathered around me my closest friends, people I respect a lot and feel at ease to play music with, and this is a big part of the assets of this project, the human aspect.

In general I am not willing anymore to share neither life nor even stage with people I don’t particularly get along with.

So especially when I have the choice, I choose the persons I really love, and it’s a crucial part of the success of a project.


ED: How did your collaborators on the recording react to the Octet? How did you approach the work? 

ND: My partners all love the piece, and they fell in love with it just, as I did few years in advance! 

We approach the work with passion but not hysterical. The way we play it, I think, I HOPE that people can say that we are 1000 percent sincere, and don’t use the piece to shine or to show our capacities, virtuosity and so on.

We wanted an interpretation where we can feel our devotion to this piece and its genius author, and like I like to say, none of us are stars in this album/project, HE is the only one!!


ED: Do you plan to play or record other pieces by Enescu in the future?

ND: I have no plan so far to record any of other Enescu’s works but why not…I just performed his first piano quartet which I really liked very much so…who knows what future brings!


ED: Thank you! Hopefully you will continue to explore Enescu's music.

Tuesday, June 7, 2022

CD Review: Enescu Piano Quartet 1; Piano Trio in A Minor (Josu De Soluan, piano, etc) Naxos 8573616

This cracking release brings together two of Enescu’s most brilliant, yet neglected, chamber music compositions.

He attempted writing a piano quartet in 1893, aged twelve, when the young violinist and composer was already a well-established student at the Vienna Conservatoire. His first mature and complete piano quartet, op.16, only followed in 1909 by which time Enescu had transferred to Paris to continue his studies. An early performance was given at Ravel's newly-established Société Indépendante Musicale on 18 May 1910 with Enescu at the piano. The piano quartet is a lengthy work that has sometimes been criticised for not deliberately advancing Enescu's compositional style, but its generosity of expression, thematic material and warm mood peppered with purposeful contrasts offer ample compensations to the listener and makes it deserving of a far wider audience. Throughout, one senses Enescu the composer-architect at work, concerning himself with structural balance and sonata form as integral elements that build and shape his musical edifice. Unsurprisingly, given his Parisian surroundings, various French influences are to be detected.

The opening Allegro moderato at times can sound rather like Chausson, given that the piano part is filled out with tremolo and arpeggio figures, and the movement's lengthy, inexorable fugal elaboration owes much to Fauré, but the unison opening strikingly gives prominence to Enescu's Romanian musical roots; recall similarly narrative passages in the Octet or First Orchestral Suite, for example. The closing coda is noteworthy also for the intricacy of its construction. The second movement is sparsely scored, as befits the marking Andante Mesto, mesto meaning 'sad'; Enescu heightens the effect through rhythmic ambiguity. Fauré again casts a shadow, but discernibly with an Enescuvian turn of phrase, thus bringing matters to a head before subsiding. The closing Vivace brings welcome humour to the proceedings; the strings are once again in unison whist the piano makes pointedly abrupt contributions to impart a Bachian feel momentarily. The middle section contrasts at length through its lyricism, before elements from both sections are woven together by way of conclusion.

The Piano Trio in A minor is one of three compositions he completed in 1916. Apparently written at speed within a month – the final movement is dated 22 March, when Enescu was in a Bucharest hospital – the work remains without an opus number. The opening Allegro Moderato’s notable feature is a real Enescu hallmark: marrying rhapsodic feeling within a tightly structured sonata form. The Allegretto con Variazioni, the last formal set of variations Enescu wrote, begins with less harmonically demanding writing that is closer in flavour to the piano suite. However much of the material given by the violin and cello is quite depressing, with the listeners invited to witness something akin to a Marche Funebre. In contrast to many other of his wartime works, here the emotional atmosphere of the times fully breaks through into Enescu’s writing. The closing Vivace amabile sees a return to the happier mood that imbues the opening movement in music that is replete with freshness and sparkle.

Both performances capture the requisite moods for the works. The performers play the music with such sweep and grandeur of ensemble that demonstrates it is fully within their fingers. Additionally, there is attention to individual lines and details: with Enescu the devil is always in the detailed myriad of markings and instructions that litter the score. The violinist Stefan Tarara, viola player Molly Carr, cellist Eun-Sung Hong and pianist Josu De Solaun all acquit themselves with honour. De Solaun’s experience with Enescu’s solo piano music – his cycle on the Grand Piano label is a good supplement to Luiza Borac’s recordings on Avie – pays dividends on the present recording too. Yes, good alternatives to this recording do exist, but if you have not heard these works before, why look any further? Useful if brief liner notes and demonstration quality sound round out this highly recommendable recording. Recordings like this are exactly what Enescu’s music needs (and requires) to bring it to the widest public, presented it in the best possible light. More from these artists, please.

Monday, April 4, 2022

Interview with Peter Ruzicka about Enescu's orchestral music (in English und auf Deutsch)

To celebrate the release of Peter Ruzicka’s third recording of the music of George Enescu on the cpo CD label, I am grateful to him for agreeing to an interview about his interest in the great Romanian composer and his works.  Our discussion is presented below in both English and German.

Anlässlich der Veröffentlichung seiner dritten CD-Einspielung beim cpo-Label mit der Musik von George Enescu danke ich dem Komponisten und Dirigenten Peter Ruzicka, dass er einem Interview über sein Interesse an dem großen rumänischen Komponisten und seinen Werken zugestimmt hat. Unsere Diskussion wird unten sowohl auf Englisch als auch auf Deutsch präsentiert.

[Image credit: Wilfried Beege]

Peter Ruzicka, when did you first discover Enescu’s music? Which works first caught your attention and why?
As an opera company director and conductor I made important discoveries decades ago, such as the music of Zemlinsky, Schreker and Korngold, but I only came to Enescu’s music about ten years ago. Ioan Holender spoke to me about Enescu at the time when I was conducting my opera CELAN at his Enescu Festival in Bucharest and during the rehearsal period, I was able to listen to the central works by Enescu with increasing fascination. Holender planned to perform all the symphonic works at the festival the following year and asked me if I might be interested in conducting either of Enescu’s late symphonies. In Romania, Holender also introduced me to Pascal Bentoiu, who knew Enescu's music like no other musicologist, having brought the 4th and 5th symphonies into performable scores. I studied the 5th symphony and performed it several times in 2011 with the Banat Philharmonic Timisoara. This was the beginning of an intensive study of Enescu's music, which is still ongoing.

Peter Ruzicka, Wann haben Sie Enescus Musik zum ersten Mal entdeckt? Welche Arbeiten haben Ihre Aufmerksamkeit zuerst erregt und warum?
Während ich als Intendant und Dirigent andere wichtige Neuentdeckungen, etwa die Musik von Zemlinsky, Schreker und Korngold, schon vor Jahrzehnten machte, gelangte ich zu Enescu erst vor etwa zehn Jahren. Ioan Holender sprach mich damals auf Enescu an, als ich bei seinem Enescu-Festival in Bukarest meine Oper CELAN dirigierte und während der Probenzeit mit wachsender Faszination zentrale Werke von Enescu hören durfte. Holender plante, im folgenden Jahr alle symphonischen Werke im Rahmen des Festivals aufzuführen und fragte mich, ob ich möglicherweise daran interessiert wäre, eine der beiden späten Symphonien zu dirigieren. Auch machte er mich mit Pascal Bentoiu bekannt, der sich wie kein anderer Musikwissenschaftler in Rumänien mit der Musik Enescus befasste und die 4. und 5. Symphonie in aufführungsfähige Partituren gebracht hatte. Ich studierte die 5. Symphonie und führte sie 2011 mit der Banat Philharmonie Timisoara mehrfach auf. Dies war der Beginn einer noch immer anhaltenden intensiven Befassung mit der Musik Enescus.



 
I know you have called George Enescu a great composer. What makes you think he is?
I have always felt a special affinity for the positions of an "in betweener" in 20th century music. In the field of forces between his Romanian homeland, which shaped Enescu's artistic identity, and Paris, which attracted him not only musically but culturally, he developed a completely independent compositional idiom of unquestionable importance in music history.

Ich weiß, dass Sie George Enescu einen großen Komponisten genannt haben.
Ich habe seit jeher eine besondere Affinität für die Positionen eines „Zwischen“ in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts gespürt. Im Kräftefeld zwischen der rumänischen Heimat, die Enescus künstlerische Identität geprägt hat und Paris, das ihn nicht nur kulturell anzog, hat er ein ganz eigenständiges kompositorisches Idiom von fraglos musikgeschichtlichem Rang entwickelt. 
 
You have just released your third recording on the cpo label of works by Enescu, concentrating on works that were written in his final years or left incomplete at his death. What prompted your decision to record these works?
After initially working on the 5th symphony, I also conducted this work in Hamburg, Berlin and Saarbrücken, where a co-production with cpo led to a CD. Another CD from this label followed with the 4th symphony, which I particularly love and have conducted many times since then, including in Hanover, Bucharest and Berlin. The Swiss premiere with the Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra follows in December of this year (2022). Of course, it made sense to also explore the still unknown works of Enescu. This resulted in recordings of the late fragment “Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts” and the wonderful cantata "Isis". And finally, I discovered the early, still completely unknown violin concerto by the fifteen-year-old Enescu, which is certainly more than just another academic assignment from Enescu's student years in Paris. Again, we recorded it for cpo together with violinist Carolyn Widmann.

Sie haben gerade Ihre dritte Aufnahme mit Werken von Enescu beim cpo -Label veröffentlicht , die sich auf Werke konzentriert, die in seinen letzten Jahren geschrieben wurden oder bei seinem Tod unvollständig blieben. Was hat Sie dazu bewogen, diese Werke aufzunehmen?
Nach der initialen Beschäftigung mit der 5. Symphonie dirigierte ich dieses Werk in den Folgejahren auch in Hamburg, Berlin und Saarbrücken, wo eine Koproduktion mit cpo zu einer CD führte. Es folgte eine weitere CD dieses Labels mit der 4. Symphonie, die ich besonders liebe und seither vielfach dirigiert habe, u.a. in Hannover, Bukarest und Berlin. Im Dezember dieses Jahres folgt die schweizerische Erstaufführung mit dem Tonhalleorchester Zürich. Natürlich lag es bald nahe, sich auch mit dem noch unbekannten Enescu zu befassen. So entstanden Einspielungen des späten Fragments „Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts“ und der wunderbaren Kantate „Isis“. Und zuletzt entdeckte ich dann das frühe, noch gänzlich unbekannte Violinkonzert des fünfzehnjährigen Enescu, das gewiss mehr als nur eine Talentprobe aus Enescus Pariser Studienjahren ist. Wir haben es, zusammen mit der Geigerin Carolyn Widmann, wiederum für cpo aufgenommen.
 
Were you tempted to record Enescu’s other symphonies?
Of course, anytime! But this could probably only be tackled in connection with extensively prepared concert performances.

Waren Sie versucht, Enescus andere Symphonien aufzunehmen?
Natürlich, jederzeit! Doch ließe sich dies wohl nur im Zusammenhang mit weitläufig vorbereiteten Konzertaufführungen angehen.



 In 2013, I heard you conduct the Fifth Symphony in Hamburg and greatly enjoyed this rare performance of it. What is it about Enescu’s symphonies that makes them so under-appreciated by audiences, particularly outside Romania?
Enescu's music seems to move towards the "open" throughout. Their linearity never aims for a final conclusion, but is kept in a free musical rhetoric that eludes the traditionally usual time sequences. Once a form has been formulated, it is never taken up again; rather, it is constantly varied and thought through, and sometimes even structurally dissolved. Characteristically, it is of the "Imprévu" (as the French say), the unforeseeable "objection" through often pronounced compositional asymmetries. That may not make the first encounter for a wider audience completely self-evident.

Im 2013 hörte ich Sie die Fünfte Symphonie in Hamburg dirigieren und genoss diese seltene Aufführung sehr. Was ist es an Enescus Sinfonien, das sie vom Publikum, insbesondere außerhalb Rumäniens, so unterschätzt?
Enescus Musik scheint sich durchweg ins „Offene“ zu bewegen. Ihre Linearität zielt nie auf einen finalen Abschluss, sondern ist in einer freien musikalischen Rhetorik gehalten, die sich den traditionell üblichen Zeitverläufen entzieht. Nie wird eine einmal formulierte Gestalt wiederaufgenommen, sie wird vielmehr permanent variiert, fortgedacht, bisweilen auch strukturell aufgelöst. Charakteristisch ist das „Imprévu“, der nicht vorhersehbare „Einspruch“ durch vielfach ausgeprägte kompositorische Asymmetrien. Das macht die Erstbegegnung für ein breites Publikum vielleicht nicht ganz selbstverständlich.
 
How, from your perspective as a conductor, do Enescu’s symphonies relate to (or contrast) to those of his contemporaries?
Enescu's work actually appears extraterritorial in the music of the 20th century. It stands before us completely independently and without role models or successors. And this is precisely what makes it so important and great!

Enescus Symphonien aus Ihrer Perspektive als Dirigent zu denen seiner Zeitgenossen in Beziehung (oder Kontrast) zu denen seiner Zeitgenossen?
Eigentlich erscheint Enescus Schaffen in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts gleichsam exterritorial. Sie steht ganz eigenständig und ohne Vorbilder oder Nachfolger vor uns. Und gerade dies macht ihre Bedeutung und Größe aus!
 
The Fourth and Fifth Symphonies were completed by the eminent Romanian composer Pascal Bentiou. What do you find distinctive about Bentoiu’s contribution to completing these works by Enescu?
His editorial work cannot be overestimated. Due to his immense knowledge of Enescu's compositional structure, he was able to adequately fill in the vertical gaps, for example in a short score notated on four staves, and the necessary post-instrumentation. The listener will not really notice any seams or joins.

Die vierte und fünfte Symphonie wurden von dem bedeutenden rumänischen Komponisten Pascal Bentoiu vollendet. Was finden Sie an Bentoius Beitrag zur Vervollständigung dieser Werke von Enescu charakteristisch?
Seine editorische Arbeit kann nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden. Durch seine immense Kenntnis der kompositorischen Faktur Enescus war er in der Lage, die vertikalen Lücken, etwa bei einem nur auf vier Systemen notierten Particell, und die notwendige Nachinstrumentation adäquat auszufüllen. Ein Publikum vermag Nahtstellen nicht wirklich zu bemerken.
 
How does the Chamber Symphony, Enescu’s last completed work, relate to the full-scale symphonies?
The chamber symphony works with a strong concentration of musical material, although its compositional inner workings appear as complex as the structure of the large symphonies. If Enescu had been able to create more works, completely new paths would certainly have become visible in his work.

Wie verhält sich die Kammersymphonie, Enescus letztes vollendetes Werk, zu den großen Sinfonien?
Die Kammersymphonie arbeitet mit einer starken Konzentration der Mittel, obgleich ihr kompositorisches Innenleben ebenso komplex erscheint wie die Faktur der großen Symphonien. Hätte Enescu noch weitere Werke schaffen können, wären gewiss ganz neue Wege in seinem Schaffen sichtbar geworden.

 
You have also recorded the tone poems Isis and Nuages d’Automne sur les Forêts. What do these pieces add to our understanding of Enescu’s compositional technique?
We also thank Pascal Bentoiu for his careful arrangement and post-instrumentation of the Isis score for women's choir and orchestra. The vocalists appear here like messengers of heavenly music invoking Isis, the Egyptian goddess of magic. An extremely delicate, chamber music structure that is unique in Enescu's work. The Nuages fragment belongs to the complex world of the late cantata Vox maris. It is a particularly richly instrumented tableau and in its power of sound a counterpart to Isis.

Sie haben auch die Tondichtungen Isis und Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts aufgenommen. Was tragen diese Stücke zu unserem Verständnis von Enescus Kompositionstechnik bei?
Die Isis-Partitur für Frauenchor und Orchester danken wir ebenfalls der behutsamen Einrichtung und Nachinstrumentation durch Pascal Bentoiu. Die Vokalisten erscheinen hier wie Boten einer Himmelsmusik, die Isis, die ägyptische Zaubergöttin, anruft. Ein überaus zartes, kammermusikalisches Gebilde, das im Werk Enescus einzigartig dasteht. Das Fragment der Nuages gehört zum Komplex der späten Kantate Vox maris. Es ist ein besonders reich instrumentiertes Tableau und in seiner Klanggewalt ein Gegenstück zu Isis.
 
On your latest recording, there are a pair of works - two movements from an incomplete violin concerto and the Phantasy for Piano and Orchestra - that have required extensive work with fragmentary sources and collaboration with other composers to create performable scores. Can you give me some insights into the processes that went into arriving at the performing scores for these works?
In the case of the Violin Concerto, I received copies of the original manuscript from Cornel Taranu. This eminent Romanian composer and Enescu connoisseur has repeatedly engaged in making arrangements and performing versions of works including the Caprice roumain and, most recently, the cantata Strigoii. There were a number of decisions to be made in producing a printed score that became the basis for this latest CD production. The fifteen-year-old Enescu also made a few mistakes in handling the orchestra in his score, which had to be corrected. Some cuts are indicated in his handwritten score, which we did not take into account in our first recording.

Pascal Bentoiu first showed me the Phantasy for Piano and Orchestra, but only in the form of an excerpt for two pianos written by Enescu. The score was lost after the only performance of this work in 1900. He asked me if I could "reconstruct" the orchestral part. But Taranu finally found the original score after extensive searches in Romanian archives. We then arranged for this work to be printed, although numerous notational questions had to be clarified. The music archive of the NDR Hannover is to be thanked for its great cooperation.

Auf Ihrer neuesten Aufnahme gibt es zwei Werke – zwei Sätze aus einem unvollständigen Violinkonzert und die Fantasie für Klavier und Orchester – die umfangreiche Arbeit mit fragmentarischen Quellen und die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Komponisten erforderten, um aufführbare Partituren zu schaffen. Können Sie mir einen Einblick in die Prozesse geben, die zur Entstehung der Aufführungspartituren für diese Werke geführt haben?
Im Falle des Violinkonzerts erhielt ich Kopien des Originalmanuskripts von Cornel Taranu, des bedeutenden rumänischen Komponisten und Enescu-Kenners, der sich wiederholt mit der Erstellung von Bearbeitungen und Aufführungsfassungen befasst hat, z.B. des Caprice roumain und jüngst der Kantate Strigoii. Es waren eine Reihe von Entscheidungen bei der Herstellung einer gedruckten Partitur zu treffen, die Grundlage der CD-Produktion wurden. Auch sind dem fünfzehnjährigen Enescu bei aller Sicherheit in der Orchesterbehandlung einige Fehler unterlaufen, die zu korrigieren waren. In seiner handschriftlichen Partitur sind einige Kürzungen angedeutet, die wir bei unserer Erstaufnahme nicht berücksichtigt haben.

Die Phantasie für Klavier und Orchester zeigte mir zuerst Pascal Bentoiu, allerdings nur in Gestalt eines von Enescu angefertigten Auszuges für zwei Klaviere. Die Partitur war nach der einzigen Aufführung dieses Werks im Jahre 1900 verloren gegangen. Er fragte mich, ob ich den Orchesterpart „rekonstruieren“ könnte. Aber Taranu fand schließlich nach umfangreichen Suchaktionen in rumänischen Archiven doch noch die originale Partitur. Wir veranlassten dann den Druck dieses Werkes, wobei allerdings zahlreiche Notationsfragen zu klären waren. Dem Notenarchiv des NDR Hannover ist sehr für die großartige Zusammenarbeit zu danken.
 
What does each work specifically tell us about Enescu that will be new to listeners?
It is a fascinating look at the beginnings of the young composer Enescu. At that time his role models were Beethoven and Brahms, but not Massenet and Fauré, his teachers during his studies at the Paris Conservatory. But Enescu didn't even try to copy his role models back then. Even in this early phase, his thematic approaches appear quite individual. The main theme of the first movement of the Violin Concerto, once heard, will not be forgotten.

Was sagt uns jedes Werk speziell über Enescu, das für die Zuhörer neu sein wird?
Es ist ein faszinierender Blick auf die Anfänge des jungen Komponisten Enescu. Seine Vorbilder waren damals Beethoven und Brahms, hingegen gar nicht seine akademischen Lehrer Massenet und Fauré während der Studienzeit am Pariser Konservatorium. Aber Enescu versuchte damals gar nicht erst, Vorbilder zu kopieren. Seine thematischen Ansätze erscheinen bereits in dieser frühen Phase durchaus ganz eigenpersönlich. Das Hauptthema des ersten Satzes des Violinkonzerts wird man, wenn man es einmal gehört hat, nicht mehr vergessen.
 
What did your collaborators – the violinist Carolin Widmann and pianist Luiza Borac – bring to recording these two works?
Both artists have worked out their solo parts lovingly and meticulously, examining and deciding on a number of passages that were not entirely clear. It was an ideal collaboration!

Was taten Ihre Mitarbeiter – die Geigerin Carolin Widmann und die Pianistin Luiza Borac – diese beiden Werke zur Aufnahme bringen?
Beide Künstlerinnen haben ihre Soloparts liebevoll und mit großer Akribie erarbeitet und hierbei eine Reihe von nicht ganz eindeutigen Stellen geprüft und entschieden. Es war eine ideale Zusammenarbeit!
 
You are, of course, also a highly distinguished composer in your own right. Has Enescu taught you anything as a composer or left an imprint on your thinking?
The in-depth knowledge of Enescu's music definitely influenced my own musical thinking. His musical progressions do not appear to have been “pre-planned”, but instead placed in a complex state of limbo by the constant changeability of the details. At times, it seems as if the music only received the impetus for the continuation of the sound speech at the moment of its sounding. Thus, his music is viewed over its entire duration, meaning that some features are accepted whilst others are rejected. It is a language that is shaped by both permanent pre-listening and fanned-out, reflective memory. And yet the tension between the smallest compositional cells and the total form is always compelling. Perhaps you can sense a reflex in some of my more recent scores, such as the 7th string quartet …POSSIBLE-A-CHAQUE-INSTANT or the new violin concerto EINDUNKELT.

Natürlich sind Sie auch selbst ein hoch angesehener Komponist. Hat Enescu Ihnen als Komponist etwas beigebracht oder Ihr Denken geprägt?
Die vertiefte Kenntnis der Musik Enescus hat durchaus Einfluss auf mein eigenes Musikdenken genommen. Seine musikalischen Verläufe erscheinen nicht „vorgedacht“, sondern durch beständige Veränderlichkeit im Detail in einen komplexen Schwebezustand versetzt. Bisweilen scheint es, als empfinge die Musik erst im Moment ihres Erklingens den Impetus zum Fortgang der Klangrede. Dies als ein langer Blick, der auch zurückweisen mag. Es ist eine Sprache, die von ebenso permanentem Vorhören wie aufgefächert-reflexiver Erinnerung geprägt ist. Und dennoch ist das Spannungsverhältnis von kleinsten kompositorischen Zellen und der Formtotale immer zwingend. Vielleicht mag man einen Reflex in einigen meiner jüngeren Partituren erspüren, etwa im 7. Streichquartett …POSSIBLE-A-CHAQUE-INSTANT oder dem neuen Violinkonzert EINGEDUNKELT.
 
Enescu is, of course, central to Romania’s musical identity. In the U.K., there has been growing interest in his compositions over the past thirty years – Oedipe, the major symphonies and his chamber output have all been performed here. How is Enescu’s work appreciated now in Germany?
I have the impression that the understanding of Enescu's music is growing and will continue to grow. The grandiose performances of his Oedipe at the Salzburg Festival in 2019 and in Paris in 2021 were artistic events that undoubtedly have repercussions. Zemlinsky's music has experienced a similar dynamic history of reception over the past few decades. And since Enescu's complete works are now available in consistently high-quality recordings, access is also easily accessible for a broader audience.

Enescu ist natürlich zentral für die musikalische Identität Rumäniens. In Großbritannien ist das Interesse an seinen Kompositionen in den letzten dreißig Jahren gewachsen – Oedipe , die wichtigsten Sinfonien und sein vielfältiges Kammermusikwerk wurden alle hier gehört. Wie wird Enescus Arbeit heute in Deutschland gewürdigt?
Ich habe den Eindruck, dass das Verständnis für die Musik Enescu immer stärker wächst und noch weiter wachsen wird. Die grandiosen Aufführungen seines Oedipe bei den Salzburger Festspielen 2019 und in Paris 2021 waren künstlerische Ereignisse, die fraglos Nachwirkungen haben. Eine ähnliche dynamische Rezeptionsgeschichte hat etwa auch die Musik Zemlinskys in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erlebt. Und da das Gesamtwerk Enescus mittlerweile in durchweg hochrangigen Aufnahmen vorliegt, ist auch für ein breiteres Publikum der Zugriff leicht zugänglich.
 
What are your future plans to perform and record Enescu’s works? His four ‘School’ symphonies are all but unknown – would you be interested in recording them?
The first and fourth "School" symphonies are available in good Romanian recordings. I am trying to look at the scores of the second and especially the third symphony. Here however, there is a strong reluctance of the Enescu Museum in Bucharest. It is believed that publication is not conducive to understanding Enescu. However, one overlooks the fact that Enescu himself conducted his first "School" symphony at a concert in Bucharest at a mature age, as a kind of compositional self-encountering. He stood by this music from his youth. Perhaps after hearing the two early symphonies I am preparing you will change your mind about the importance of early work.

Enescus Werke aufzuführen und aufzunehmen? Seine vier „Schul“-Symphonien sind so gut wie unbekannt – wären Sie daran interessiert, sie aufzunehmen?
Die erste und vierte „Schul“-Symphonie liegt in guten rumänischen Aufnahmen vor. Ich bemühe mich, die Partituren der zweiten und besonders der dritten Symphonie einzusehen. Hier gibt es allerdings eine starke Zurückhaltung des Enescu-Museums in Bukarest. Man meint, dass eine Veröffentlichung für das Verständnis Enescus nicht dienlich ist. Allerdings übersieht man dabei, dass Enescu etwa seine erste „Schul“-Symphonie selbst noch im reifen Alter in einem Konzert in Bukarest dirigiert hat, gewissermaßen als kompositorische Selbstbegegnung. Er stand zu dieser Musik aus seiner Jugendzeit. Vielleicht wird man nach Kenntnis der beiden frühen, von mir jetzt vorgelegten Werke, seine Meinung über die Bedeutung des frühen Schaffens ändern.
 
Thank you very much for your time and a very interesting conversation! I wish you well with your future performances of Enescu’s work.

Vielen Dank für Ihre Zeit und das sehr interessante Gespräch! Ich wünsche Ihnen alles Gute für Ihre zukünftigen Aufführungen von Enescus Werk.


Wednesday, March 23, 2022

CD Review: Enescu Violin Concerto, Phantasy for Piano and Orchestra (Carolin Widmann/Luiza Borac, NDR Philharmonie / Peter Ruzicka) cpo 555487

Update: Read my interview with Peter Ruzicka about Enescu's orchestral music (in English und auf Deutsche)

Just how important is the juvenilia of any creative artist or composer? The answer, I suppose, depends – to some extent at least – on three factors. The composer in question; whether the work(s) in question are substantial examples or not; does that juvenilia represent a significant moment in the composer’s development.

In the case of George Enescu, his international significance is beyond doubt. It is known that he thought enough of his own juvenilia to occasionally perform some of it in later life: he conducted at least one of the ‘school’ symphonies in Bucharest and illustrated other examples of his early writing from memory at the keyboard during his recorded interviews with the French music critic and organist Bernard Gavoty.


The two works on this release are the first two movements from an incomplete Violin Concerto, from 1895, and a single movement Phantasy for Piano and orchestra, written three years later.

The Violin Concerto could almost be thought of an extended concerto ‘school torso’, a kind of hybrid equivalent between the four ‘school’ symphonies and Enescu’s single movement ‘torso’ violin sonata, written in 1911. The concerto displays obvious debts to a Viennese late Romantic soundscape. You can feel Enescu’s ambition in it: the first movement is over 19 minutes in duration, the second movement approaches 14 minutes. Within the two movements, Enescu demonstrates both his knowledge of form and a surety of touch with the orchestral accompaniment, whether in terms of instrumental colour or the use of textures to add interest along the way. The first movement is constructed from three thematic ideas, all of which possess character. The slower second movement carries an airy ambiance, above which a refined violin line floats beguilingly before finding some gravitas in the writing. The real draw of the work, though, is the writing for the solo violin part, as one would hope for from a young composer whose instrumental talents were also burgeoning in parallel. There is passion, skill and virtuosic flair in the first movement’s primary theme in particular. Of course, mention should be made of the fact that the orchestration is not Enescu’s own, but is an elaboration of the reduced score that he left. Carolin Widmann, who has experience playing Enescu’s later sonatas, proves to be a most sensitive soloist. Her playing holds the attention with its pure tone and intelligent integration alongside the orchestral accompaniment, which, in turn is sensitively and tastefully handled under Peter Ruzicka’s direction. It is to Peter Ruzicka's credit that he, after recordings of Enescu's incomplete late symphonies, he has turned his attention to these early works. That commitment goes beyond his conducting, to being the driving force in collaborating with Pascal Bentoiu and others in realising the orchestral scores. One final thought is unavoidable: with the music fading out in a slow decrescendo what, one wonders, might have constituted a third movement?

The Phantasy for Piano and orchestra demonstrates just how far Enescu matured in three years. I feel that Volker Tarnow gets it exactly right in his excellent liner notes, when he claims “it combines expressivity à la Brahms with pianistic bravura à la Liszt.” This single movement work, without a solo cadenza, is more richly conceived in terms of its orchestration and assured in its structure. The solo part is varied, with a reliance on repeated chords at the start and at times throughout, but it moves to a conversational approach with the orchestra as well as the work proceeds. Bravura moments balance out the delicate introspection, in the end though, spirited writing comes to the fore. Luiza Borac is a pianist whose experience with Enescu’s music is beyond compare. She has strayed beyond the published repertoire too and recorded 
the unfinished Piano Concerto in D minor, composed by George Enescu in 1897. You can hear that experience bear fruit in the present performance with her assured touch, idiomatic knowledge and sense of flair. Again, you can hear how the orchestra and conductor respond to this by delivering performances that reward with their warmth and quality.

Given the excellent recording quality, I return to where I began. Juvenilia these works might be, but for anyone with an interest in Enescu’s music this is a recording worthy of serious attention.

Tuesday, March 22, 2022

CD Review: Romanian Flute Music (Krzysztof Kaczka, flute; Lilian Akopova, piano) Hanssler Classic HC21060

There are significant examples of compositions for the flute being written by Romanian composers. Years ago, I reviewed two CDs from the flautist Zdenek Bruderhans featuring solo music and a concerto by Anatol Vieru. There have also been notable releases of flute music by Doina Rotaru, who has written prolifically for the instrument. Artists such as Pierre-Yves Artaud and Mario Caroli have performed some of her five concertos (the fifth also employs an orchestra of instruments from the flute family), various solo and chamber music compositions on commercial and privately-made recordings.

This latest release from the Polish flautist Krzysztof Kaczka and Ukrainian pianist Lilian Akopova presents an overview survey of writing for the duo that is either influenced by Romanian musical forms or written by Romanian composers, several of whom are likely to be unknown to a wider audience. 


Let’s start with the two works I consider outliers to the main programme. Béla Bartók’s suite of six brief Romanian Folk Dances is music that has been arranged for many different instrumental combinations, and there is no reason why it should not work well for the flute/piano duo. The recording it is given here is bright and replete with rustic character.

George Enescu’s early first violin sonata, written within a week in 1897 when he was 16, is a work that belies the influences of Beethoven and Brahms whilst also showing a deep knowledge of fugal writing in the last two movements. As it is by far the most straight-forwardly written of Enescu’s three violin sonatas, the solo line transcribes reasonably well to the flute. Kaczka and Akopova give it a committed performance; indeed, perhaps due to the re-instrumentation I listened to the work afresh and enjoyed the rich veins of melody that are explored within it. If there’s something that occasionally I felt was missing, it is the variations of tone and intonation, which so carefully marked by Enescu in the score. These are, of course, easier to achieve on the violin than the flute, but Kaczka tries to find an equivalence to this through variations of breath and attack.

On to the works written for the flute/piano duo. Enescu’s Cantabile et Presto, written in 1904, as a flute competition piece for the Paris Conservatoire is atmospherically performed. Indeed, there is a good sense of the relationship between the parts captured in the performance, with, as elsewhere, the flute slightly forward of the piano in a natural acoustic.

Petre Elinescu (1869-1947) was a flautist as well as a prolific composer. His Pastoral Scene of Romania is a connected group of five contrasting dances. Based on the original version for small string ensemble, the version for flute and piano was written in 1898. Elinescu’s writing is tunefully sonorous, wholly tonal and melodic. It could almost be a companion work to Béla Bartók’s Romanian Folk Dances. The piano part at times wilfully echoes the sound of a cimbolom. Elinescu is also represented by his Introduction et Danse des Sorcières, written in 1902. The Introduction possesses a certain languidity, whilst the Danse not only picks up the tempo but beguiles with its flights of fancy.

The modern school of Romanian flute writing is represented by Vasile Jianu (1904-1968). His Prelude and Rigaudon sees a certain rusticity of expression followed by an updated take on a seventeen century dance form. This unique conception is easily and engagingly realised in the recording. Doina Rotaru’s Elegie for Flute and Piano, from 2011, takes me almost to where I began this review. This is by far the most complex and challenging work on the recording from a technical viewpoint, as Rotaru habitually merges old musical forms through modern techniques. When I met and interviewed her in 2010, she talked at length about how this could stretch a performer’s musicianship and knowledge of self, whilst testing technical ability. This comes across as being one of the most compelling performances on the recording.

Lilian Akopova’s piano playing is first rate; I certainly hope to encounter her on disc again before long. The recording quality is faithful and resonant. The accompanying booklet notes are succinct, but more detail could well be helpful to prospective purchasers.
Whilst of niche interest perhaps, to either flautists, lovers of flute music or those wanting to explore lesser-heard composers, this disc can be recommended. There is other repertoire that might have been included, such as Marcel Milhalovici’s Miroir des Songes, Op.112, Myriam Marbe's Haykus (1994) or Rotaru's Crystals. 

One point to note, my review download lacked both the last movement of Bartók’s Romanian Folk Dances and the Presto from Enescu’s Cantabile et Presto. Perhaps an oversight, but it is a shame nevertheless.

Friday, March 18, 2022

CD Review: Enescu String Quartets (Quatour Athenaeum Enesco) cpo 999068

In my 2005 survey of the available recordings of Enescu’s compositions for Musicweb International, I wrote about the string quartets:

Enescu’s two essays in the [string] quartet format show, as elsewhere in his output, a tightening of thematic materials and compactness of structure from the earlier work to the later one.


An obvious candidate for pairing on disc, there are so far three main versions in contention: the Voces Quartet (Electrecord or Olympia OCD 413 - if you can track them down), Quatuor Athenaeum Enesco (cpo 999 0682) and the Quatuor Ad Libitum (Naxos 8.554721). All three are celebrated ensembles in Romania and each brings experience to their recording of the works. But as often is the case Naxos’s issue will be a clear winner – they play this music as if it were the greatest music ever for a quartet, with total conviction, commitment and love. In a recording that gives each plenty of bloom against the somewhat boxy Electrecord or recessed acoustic of cpo’s release, there seems little argument to answer.”

The cpo release under consideration here is a re-issue of the recording by the Quatuor Athenaeum Enesco. The recording was made by Swiss Radio in May 1992, and re-listening to it after some time from a digital download I stand by my earlier comments about the recorded acoustic. That is a shame, as by and large, both works are given sympathetic interpretations. If I do not find the readings quite capture the white heat and zeal of the Ad Libitum Quartet on Naxos, this does not do particular disservice to the Athenaeum Quartet’s players. I find their realisation of the first quartet's slower movement rather beautifully phrased, actually. Considering that the indications of 'moderato' and 'pensieroso' are so important within three movements there are some finely judged touches of tempo and instrumental colour.

There have been a couple of other recordings of the second quartet that have appeared since I wrote my original review. It is a slight surprise though that no string quartets of substance have risen to the demands of the earlier work, It is surely a jewel in the entire string quartet repertoire, to stand alongside anything by Beethoven or Schubert.

A worthy effort, which would be more recommendable, if it were not for the availability of stronger competition captured in a more favourable acoustic. 

Monday, December 27, 2021

CD Review: Enescu complete music for cello and piano (Rudolf Leopold, cello; Raluca Stirbat, piano) Paladino Music PMR0104

There are several fine recordings available of the individual works that constitute Enescu’s oeuvre for cello and piano. Only one rival set to this release by pianist Raluca Stirbat and cellist Rudolf Leopold includes the two cello sonatas, the Nocturne et Saltarello (1897) and an F minor Allegro (c. 1898). The last two listed works are juvenilia, written around the time of the first cello sonata, are perhaps only of interest to those that want to collect everything that Enescu wrote.


Enescu was well known as a pianist; he often appeared in concert in this role and he always taught his violin pupils from the keyboard. It is also known that he played the cello on an amateur basis, occasionally taking up the instrument for chamber performances within salon concert gatherings.

A quick examination of the times taken by various cellists for the individual movements reveals the wide variety of tempi that have adopted:

Cellist

Leopold

Radutiu

Spanoghe

Buruiana

Zank

Ilea

Dmitriev

Aneculaesci

S1 M1

12.15

12.42

11.34

12.51

12.09

12.54

11.39

14.41

S1 M2

6.57

7.04

6.53

8.30

7.02

6.42

6.52

7.46

S1 M3

9.01

10.45

9.53

10.33

10.32

11.36

10.15

11.03

S1 M4

5.59

6.12

6.00

6.59

6.24

6.50

6.35

7.00

S2 M1

9.25

13.07

9.43

10.08

9.58

12.09

10.42

12.52

S2 M2

5.54

5.57

6.07

6.02

5.40

7.48

5.47

7.02

S2 M3

5.58

8.23

5.57

6.33

5.49

7.22

7.43

7.57

S2 M4

6.33

6.18

6.58

6.36

6.05

7.13

7.24

7.27

Nocturne

3.42

4.29

3.47

-

-

-

-

-

Saltarello

2.55

3.05

2.55

-

-

-

-

-

Allegro

9.45

9.48

-

9.06

-

-

-

-


On the whole, Leopold and Stirbat are on the faster side throughout. Whilst this might suit the faster movements, I feel the slower tempo markings are not well served by this approach. For this reason, I am inclined overall towards the complete recording by Valentin Radutiu (Hänssler) from an interpretive viewpoint.

The imprint of the Romanian-born pianist Raluca Stirbat is all over this latest release. Not only as one half of the duo, but she is the author of the two booklet essays illustrated by photographs from her collection. Furthermore, it was at her instigation that Leopold concludes the early Allegro movement with a variation upon a song that Enescu wrote around the same time. Given that all the works included here except the late second sonata date from Enescu’s time in Vienna, as Stirbat’s essays make clear, it is appropriate that her chosen piano possesses a Brahmsian glow, as Enescu knew Brahms there in his youth. Rudolf Leopold’s tone is warm, his glissandi occasionally a touch too cautious to maintain the sense of spontaneity that Enescu’s writing often calls for to leap convincingly from the page.

In reviewing the release by Viviane Spanoghe and André de Groote (now available on the Etcetera label), I wrote:

Listening to the Nocturne you can hear some of Enescu’s mature musical approaches in the early stages of their development. Richly lyrical, this is music that has distinct influences left by the French compositional school – he studied under Massenet and knew Fauré, Ravel amongst others – yet a youthful love of Brahms also seems not too distant from his mind. The Saltarello is made to contrast well in the playing of de Groote and Spanoghe: they pick up the tempo and invest it with much bite and attack. Although folk elements may be evident in the writing, they are of Enescu’s making rather than from authentic sources, and he utilizes them with a deftly cultured touch.” 

De Groote’s touch is more flexible and characterful than Stirbat’s in the sonatas too, as is Donald Sulzen’s partnering Gerhard Zank (Arte Nova). Sulzen’s piano is also superbly recorded.

Laura Buruiana’s Enescu recordings are found on two separate labels with two different pianists – the sonatas with Martin Tchiba on Naxos, the Allegro with Alexandra Silocea on Avie. Whilst these recordings are fine in themselves, there are cellists of greater subtlety to be enjoyed - Valentin Radutiu perhaps heads this list.

All in all, although this superbly recorded release presents the complete Enescu oeuvre for cello and piano on a single disc, this is a recording that has a place in a quite crowded field, rather than at the head of it.

Interview with pianist Daria Parkhomenko about her recording of Enescu's music

The debut recording from pianist Daria Parkhomenko, a Russian of Romanian origin, features three major works by George Enescu. To celebrate ...