Tuesday, April 19, 2022

Radu Lupu - an obituary tribute

The Romanian pianist Radu Lupu has died at his home in Switzerland, aged 76. Although the precise cause of death is not known, it has been reported in the Romanian press that it could have been from several medical conditions from which he had been suffering for some time. Certainly, ill health was mentioned as a factor when he retired from the stage in 2019. Those that knew him confided that it irked him that he had to increasingly cancel commitments and was rather dissatisfied with the standards of those performances he did give in his final years.
 

My own knowledge of Radu Lupu’s art came first from his recordings. For many of his admirers, there are far too few of them. He played just one of the Brahms concertos and is reputed to have rebuffed requests from Decca to learn the other one by saying it would require too much effort. Much of the repertoire is standard fare – the Grieg and Schumann concertos with Previn, etc. – but the standard is always high. His Schubert was revered by many, but not all. I know one Schubert aficionado, who repeatedly bemoaned, “I wish he would play it and not just fuss around the edges.”

I once knew a photographer fresh out of the Royal College of Art who was hired by Decca to take the cover image for Lupu’s recording of Brahms’ Two Rhapsodies, Op. 79; Piano Pieces, Opp. 117-119. Warned by Decca that he could be a prickly character, the shoot was carefully planned and scheduled to take place shortly after a rare recital at Wigmore Hall. Lupu arrived and was slow to settle; once he did though he was amiable and witty. It took some time before his unkempt hair met a comb. His coat was unceremoniously left on the coat stand that was to appear in shot. A score for one of the Brahms pieces from the recording was intentionally placed in a coat pocket; however, he noticed, and insisted that the score be left open at a different page to coincide with a passage he felt he had played better. At his insistence, no piano music was to be played in the background during the photo shoot.

Around the mid-1990s, if memory serves, I heard Lupu perform a Mozart concerto at the Royal Festival Hall under the baton of long-time collaborator, particularly in the United States, Carlo Maria Giulini. After walking swiftly to his seat, he delivered it with the greatest economy of means and a total awareness of style.

I reviewed a performance by Lupu only once. In December 2006, I travelled to Amsterdam for a concert at the Concertgebouw by the George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of its then Music Director, Cristian Mandeal. The programme featured Enescu’s First Orchestral Suite and Rachmaninov’s Symphonic Dances, with Beethoven’s Fifth Piano Concerto. My entire review of the concerto was as follows:

“Beethoven’s fifth piano concerto was given the most individual reading I can recall hearing for ages. Lupu (who looks ever more like Brahms!) matched the orchestra’s grand opening tutti in his opening finesse. The work progressed in the first movement at a moderate pace, allowing much colour to come out in the orchestration. Lupu’s playing of the solo part reminded us of a style of Beethoven interpretation from another age – by turns involved and committed, but mixed with passages that were almost against the big-boned Beethoven many would recognize today. Whilst impetuous and sensitive in equal measure, his playing related well to the orchestral context; indeed he maintained close eye contact with individual orchestra members as well as with Mandeal throughout. The middle movement was notable for the broad legato lines in the orchestra and Lupu’s discrete, evenly fingered contribution. If the link to the final movement was thought by some to be over-tentative, then there was much contrast to be had once the finale got fully into its stride. Lupu and Mandeal relished the nuances of interplay to be found among the grander gestures to produce a thrilling conclusion to the work.”

Incidentally, it is interesting to listen to Lupu’s recordings of the work – one for Decca and the other, made earlier, under the baton of Iosef Conta in Romania (released on Electrecord). That same jewel-like clarity of approach is always present.

In 2008, I heard Lupu play Bartόk's Third Piano Concerto, with the Hallé once again under Cristian Mandeal’s baton. By this stage, his appearance was more like that of another famous Romanian, the sculptor Constantin Brancusi. A work that Lupu clearly loved, the performance was notable for his directness of approach and clarity of tone. That the piano is essentially a percussive instrument was beyond doubt, but some Bartόk aficionados felt that the performance offered new aspects of interpretation upon the work.

In 2018, it was announced that Mandeal and Lupu would again join forces for concerts in Paris, Geneva and Romania, but Lupu’s retirement prevented this collaboration with the conductor (surely an under-rated conductor of superb erudition, technical facility and musical sensitivity) who had been a friend since their student days in Brasov. Fazil Say was Lupu’s replacement for those concerts.

Around a decade ago, I and several music lovers I knew at the Romanian Cultural Institute in London tried to persuade the management there to approach Lupu to offer a solo recital, with a carte blanche programme. Sadly, the plan came to nothing. The Institute’s Steinway baby grand might be slightly the worse for wear, but was bought by Lipatti for the venue in Belgrave Square and, when well tuned, had a luminescence of tone that I still feel would have suited Lupu’s ever-delicate touch superbly.

Radu Lupu was born on November 30, 1945, in Galaţi. At the age of 6 he started studying piano with Lia Busuioceanu and at the age of 12 he started with a complete music program composed by himself. He attends high school in Galaţi. After graduating from the Popular Art School in Brasov, she continued her studies in Bucharest, with Florica Musicescu and Cella Delavrancea. At the age of 16, in 1961, he received a scholarship to the Moscow Conservatory.

Even today in Romania, many say that Lupu is under-appreciated there, no doubt because of the slender number of performances he gave there. He played some Enescu in his younger days, not much though, and never returned to the composer, to the best of my knowledge. International fame and engagements followed wins at the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in 1966 and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition in 1969. He was awarded a CBE for services to music.

Some of the reactions to his death reflect the esteem in which Radu Lupu is held:

George Enescu International Festival: "In 1967, the incredible Romanian pianist and composer won the grand prize of the George Enescu International Competition. We will forever cherish his amazing way of turning music into magic. Words are not enough to express our sadness for this loss of the whole musical world. Master Radu Lupu will forever remain in our memory and in our hearts - a true legend." (Facebook)

Angela Gheorghiu: "I am deeply saddened by the passing of legendary pianist and my dear compatriot, Radu Lupu. It was wonderful to have spent great moments together with Radu throughout the years. He will remain a sublime and unique artist, perhaps too little known in Romania, but an unsurpassable musical genius of this world. May his soul rest in peace, his immense artistry will live forever. I send my sincere condolences to his wife." (Twitter)

Steven Isserlis: "I am devastated to learn that Radu Lupu has left us. He was not only one of the greatest, warmest and most profound musicians I have ever heard, but also a very good man, full of compassion, modest and funny, and a wonderful friend." (Twitter)

If one thing can be said with certainty about Radu Lupu, it is that he was a unique exponent of his instrument. He knew what he wanted to achieve, how to achieve it and was immovable from that objective. There really is very little wrong with being true to one’s self.

Monday, April 18, 2022

A single question to Harrison Birtwistle - an obituary tribute

The composer Sir Harrison Birtwistle has died, aged 87. He had suffered a stroke a few months back.

[Image credit: Philip Gatward]

Famed for his uncompromisingly modern and coruscating compositional style, none of music makes for an easy listen. Those that 'get it', as they say, are often immovable in their support for Harry and his music.

In 1994, whilst studying for an MA in Arts Criticism at City University, London, I was urged by my tutor, Michael Oliver, to listen to several works by Birtwistle, and come to the following week's tutorial with my thoughts about them. He knew this would challenge me.

As it happened, during the week I was in central London, walking towards Trafalgar Square. As I approached the National Portrait Gallery, I saw Birtwistle approaching me. He saw that I had recognised him and said, "Hello." 

On the spur of the moment, perhaps prompted by having his music on my mind at the time, I responded, "I hope you don't mind me asking, but why is it that you insist on challenging listeners with your music?"

"What else should I do?", came his slightly terse reply, but a smile played momentarily on his lips. He kept walking.

This, I feel, might sum up the man. Whatever ones personal feelings, there is no doubt that the world of composition has lost one of its most individual voices. May he rest in peace.


Some recommended recordings:

Chamber works 
(Nash Ensemble, BIS, released 2022) 
Gramophone wrote: "All the music here retains a freshness and focus belying the composer’s age; it’s a long way from a mere rehashing of familiar ways of doing things."

The Mask of Orpheus
(BBC Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Singers, Andrew Davis and Martyn Brabbins, NMC records, released 2010)
Gramophone wrote: "Birtwistle’s awe-inspiring masterpiece is a key work in the development of post-war opera, groundbreaking in its fusion of music, song, drama, myth and electronics."

Secret Theatre
(London Sinfonietta, Elgar Howarth, NMC records, released 2008)
Gramophone wrote: "Written between The Mask of Orpheus and the no less epic enterprise of Earth Dances, Secret Theatre really does mark a great leap forward, and this performance… is… highly charged, eloquent account of one of the composer's most powerful and most personal scores."

The Triumph of Time
(John Harle & Paul Clarvis, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Ensemble Modern Orchestra, Pierre Boulez, Andrew Davis, Decca, released 2012)

Theseus Game & Earth Dances
(Ensemble Modern Orchestra, Martyn Brabbins & Pierre-André Valade, Pierre Boulez; DG; released 2012)
Gramophone wrote: "Theseus Game (2002-3) offers clear visual contrasts: an ensemble of 30 players has two conductors, and there's a central space at the front of the platform for the succession of soloists who emerge from the ensemble. Earth Dances (1985-6) demands total surrender; as the music unwinds to its end, spasms of the seismic dance stand in the way of any comforting sense of fulfilment, or resolution."
 
Gawain
(Marie Angel, Anne Howells, Richard Greager, Penelope Walmsley-Clark, Omar Ebrahim,Francois Le Roux, John Tomlinson, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Elgar Howarth; NMC; released 2014)
The Financial Times wrote: "Birtwistle’s difficult vocal lines and ritualistic patterns need a high level of commitment from the listener: this is an opera best experienced with eyes as well as ears. But for those prepared to submit to its baleful orchestral sound and riddle-strewn tale, Howarth and his fine cast...provide a definitive experience."

Monday, April 4, 2022

Interview with Peter Ruzicka about Enescu's orchestral music (in English und auf Deutsch)

To celebrate the release of Peter Ruzicka’s third recording of the music of George Enescu on the cpo CD label, I am grateful to him for agreeing to an interview about his interest in the great Romanian composer and his works.  Our discussion is presented below in both English and German.

Anlässlich der Veröffentlichung seiner dritten CD-Einspielung beim cpo-Label mit der Musik von George Enescu danke ich dem Komponisten und Dirigenten Peter Ruzicka, dass er einem Interview über sein Interesse an dem großen rumänischen Komponisten und seinen Werken zugestimmt hat. Unsere Diskussion wird unten sowohl auf Englisch als auch auf Deutsch präsentiert.

[Image credit: Wilfried Beege]

Peter Ruzicka, when did you first discover Enescu’s music? Which works first caught your attention and why?
As an opera company director and conductor I made important discoveries decades ago, such as the music of Zemlinsky, Schreker and Korngold, but I only came to Enescu’s music about ten years ago. Ioan Holender spoke to me about Enescu at the time when I was conducting my opera CELAN at his Enescu Festival in Bucharest and during the rehearsal period, I was able to listen to the central works by Enescu with increasing fascination. Holender planned to perform all the symphonic works at the festival the following year and asked me if I might be interested in conducting either of Enescu’s late symphonies. In Romania, Holender also introduced me to Pascal Bentoiu, who knew Enescu's music like no other musicologist, having brought the 4th and 5th symphonies into performable scores. I studied the 5th symphony and performed it several times in 2011 with the Banat Philharmonic Timisoara. This was the beginning of an intensive study of Enescu's music, which is still ongoing.

Peter Ruzicka, Wann haben Sie Enescus Musik zum ersten Mal entdeckt? Welche Arbeiten haben Ihre Aufmerksamkeit zuerst erregt und warum?
Während ich als Intendant und Dirigent andere wichtige Neuentdeckungen, etwa die Musik von Zemlinsky, Schreker und Korngold, schon vor Jahrzehnten machte, gelangte ich zu Enescu erst vor etwa zehn Jahren. Ioan Holender sprach mich damals auf Enescu an, als ich bei seinem Enescu-Festival in Bukarest meine Oper CELAN dirigierte und während der Probenzeit mit wachsender Faszination zentrale Werke von Enescu hören durfte. Holender plante, im folgenden Jahr alle symphonischen Werke im Rahmen des Festivals aufzuführen und fragte mich, ob ich möglicherweise daran interessiert wäre, eine der beiden späten Symphonien zu dirigieren. Auch machte er mich mit Pascal Bentoiu bekannt, der sich wie kein anderer Musikwissenschaftler in Rumänien mit der Musik Enescus befasste und die 4. und 5. Symphonie in aufführungsfähige Partituren gebracht hatte. Ich studierte die 5. Symphonie und führte sie 2011 mit der Banat Philharmonie Timisoara mehrfach auf. Dies war der Beginn einer noch immer anhaltenden intensiven Befassung mit der Musik Enescus.



 
I know you have called George Enescu a great composer. What makes you think he is?
I have always felt a special affinity for the positions of an "in betweener" in 20th century music. In the field of forces between his Romanian homeland, which shaped Enescu's artistic identity, and Paris, which attracted him not only musically but culturally, he developed a completely independent compositional idiom of unquestionable importance in music history.

Ich weiß, dass Sie George Enescu einen großen Komponisten genannt haben.
Ich habe seit jeher eine besondere Affinität für die Positionen eines „Zwischen“ in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts gespürt. Im Kräftefeld zwischen der rumänischen Heimat, die Enescus künstlerische Identität geprägt hat und Paris, das ihn nicht nur kulturell anzog, hat er ein ganz eigenständiges kompositorisches Idiom von fraglos musikgeschichtlichem Rang entwickelt. 
 
You have just released your third recording on the cpo label of works by Enescu, concentrating on works that were written in his final years or left incomplete at his death. What prompted your decision to record these works?
After initially working on the 5th symphony, I also conducted this work in Hamburg, Berlin and Saarbrücken, where a co-production with cpo led to a CD. Another CD from this label followed with the 4th symphony, which I particularly love and have conducted many times since then, including in Hanover, Bucharest and Berlin. The Swiss premiere with the Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra follows in December of this year (2022). Of course, it made sense to also explore the still unknown works of Enescu. This resulted in recordings of the late fragment “Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts” and the wonderful cantata "Isis". And finally, I discovered the early, still completely unknown violin concerto by the fifteen-year-old Enescu, which is certainly more than just another academic assignment from Enescu's student years in Paris. Again, we recorded it for cpo together with violinist Carolyn Widmann.

Sie haben gerade Ihre dritte Aufnahme mit Werken von Enescu beim cpo -Label veröffentlicht , die sich auf Werke konzentriert, die in seinen letzten Jahren geschrieben wurden oder bei seinem Tod unvollständig blieben. Was hat Sie dazu bewogen, diese Werke aufzunehmen?
Nach der initialen Beschäftigung mit der 5. Symphonie dirigierte ich dieses Werk in den Folgejahren auch in Hamburg, Berlin und Saarbrücken, wo eine Koproduktion mit cpo zu einer CD führte. Es folgte eine weitere CD dieses Labels mit der 4. Symphonie, die ich besonders liebe und seither vielfach dirigiert habe, u.a. in Hannover, Bukarest und Berlin. Im Dezember dieses Jahres folgt die schweizerische Erstaufführung mit dem Tonhalleorchester Zürich. Natürlich lag es bald nahe, sich auch mit dem noch unbekannten Enescu zu befassen. So entstanden Einspielungen des späten Fragments „Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts“ und der wunderbaren Kantate „Isis“. Und zuletzt entdeckte ich dann das frühe, noch gänzlich unbekannte Violinkonzert des fünfzehnjährigen Enescu, das gewiss mehr als nur eine Talentprobe aus Enescus Pariser Studienjahren ist. Wir haben es, zusammen mit der Geigerin Carolyn Widmann, wiederum für cpo aufgenommen.
 
Were you tempted to record Enescu’s other symphonies?
Of course, anytime! But this could probably only be tackled in connection with extensively prepared concert performances.

Waren Sie versucht, Enescus andere Symphonien aufzunehmen?
Natürlich, jederzeit! Doch ließe sich dies wohl nur im Zusammenhang mit weitläufig vorbereiteten Konzertaufführungen angehen.



 In 2013, I heard you conduct the Fifth Symphony in Hamburg and greatly enjoyed this rare performance of it. What is it about Enescu’s symphonies that makes them so under-appreciated by audiences, particularly outside Romania?
Enescu's music seems to move towards the "open" throughout. Their linearity never aims for a final conclusion, but is kept in a free musical rhetoric that eludes the traditionally usual time sequences. Once a form has been formulated, it is never taken up again; rather, it is constantly varied and thought through, and sometimes even structurally dissolved. Characteristically, it is of the "Imprévu" (as the French say), the unforeseeable "objection" through often pronounced compositional asymmetries. That may not make the first encounter for a wider audience completely self-evident.

Im 2013 hörte ich Sie die Fünfte Symphonie in Hamburg dirigieren und genoss diese seltene Aufführung sehr. Was ist es an Enescus Sinfonien, das sie vom Publikum, insbesondere außerhalb Rumäniens, so unterschätzt?
Enescus Musik scheint sich durchweg ins „Offene“ zu bewegen. Ihre Linearität zielt nie auf einen finalen Abschluss, sondern ist in einer freien musikalischen Rhetorik gehalten, die sich den traditionell üblichen Zeitverläufen entzieht. Nie wird eine einmal formulierte Gestalt wiederaufgenommen, sie wird vielmehr permanent variiert, fortgedacht, bisweilen auch strukturell aufgelöst. Charakteristisch ist das „Imprévu“, der nicht vorhersehbare „Einspruch“ durch vielfach ausgeprägte kompositorische Asymmetrien. Das macht die Erstbegegnung für ein breites Publikum vielleicht nicht ganz selbstverständlich.
 
How, from your perspective as a conductor, do Enescu’s symphonies relate to (or contrast) to those of his contemporaries?
Enescu's work actually appears extraterritorial in the music of the 20th century. It stands before us completely independently and without role models or successors. And this is precisely what makes it so important and great!

Enescus Symphonien aus Ihrer Perspektive als Dirigent zu denen seiner Zeitgenossen in Beziehung (oder Kontrast) zu denen seiner Zeitgenossen?
Eigentlich erscheint Enescus Schaffen in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts gleichsam exterritorial. Sie steht ganz eigenständig und ohne Vorbilder oder Nachfolger vor uns. Und gerade dies macht ihre Bedeutung und Größe aus!
 
The Fourth and Fifth Symphonies were completed by the eminent Romanian composer Pascal Bentiou. What do you find distinctive about Bentoiu’s contribution to completing these works by Enescu?
His editorial work cannot be overestimated. Due to his immense knowledge of Enescu's compositional structure, he was able to adequately fill in the vertical gaps, for example in a short score notated on four staves, and the necessary post-instrumentation. The listener will not really notice any seams or joins.

Die vierte und fünfte Symphonie wurden von dem bedeutenden rumänischen Komponisten Pascal Bentoiu vollendet. Was finden Sie an Bentoius Beitrag zur Vervollständigung dieser Werke von Enescu charakteristisch?
Seine editorische Arbeit kann nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden. Durch seine immense Kenntnis der kompositorischen Faktur Enescus war er in der Lage, die vertikalen Lücken, etwa bei einem nur auf vier Systemen notierten Particell, und die notwendige Nachinstrumentation adäquat auszufüllen. Ein Publikum vermag Nahtstellen nicht wirklich zu bemerken.
 
How does the Chamber Symphony, Enescu’s last completed work, relate to the full-scale symphonies?
The chamber symphony works with a strong concentration of musical material, although its compositional inner workings appear as complex as the structure of the large symphonies. If Enescu had been able to create more works, completely new paths would certainly have become visible in his work.

Wie verhält sich die Kammersymphonie, Enescus letztes vollendetes Werk, zu den großen Sinfonien?
Die Kammersymphonie arbeitet mit einer starken Konzentration der Mittel, obgleich ihr kompositorisches Innenleben ebenso komplex erscheint wie die Faktur der großen Symphonien. Hätte Enescu noch weitere Werke schaffen können, wären gewiss ganz neue Wege in seinem Schaffen sichtbar geworden.

 
You have also recorded the tone poems Isis and Nuages d’Automne sur les Forêts. What do these pieces add to our understanding of Enescu’s compositional technique?
We also thank Pascal Bentoiu for his careful arrangement and post-instrumentation of the Isis score for women's choir and orchestra. The vocalists appear here like messengers of heavenly music invoking Isis, the Egyptian goddess of magic. An extremely delicate, chamber music structure that is unique in Enescu's work. The Nuages fragment belongs to the complex world of the late cantata Vox maris. It is a particularly richly instrumented tableau and in its power of sound a counterpart to Isis.

Sie haben auch die Tondichtungen Isis und Nuages d'Automne sur les Forêts aufgenommen. Was tragen diese Stücke zu unserem Verständnis von Enescus Kompositionstechnik bei?
Die Isis-Partitur für Frauenchor und Orchester danken wir ebenfalls der behutsamen Einrichtung und Nachinstrumentation durch Pascal Bentoiu. Die Vokalisten erscheinen hier wie Boten einer Himmelsmusik, die Isis, die ägyptische Zaubergöttin, anruft. Ein überaus zartes, kammermusikalisches Gebilde, das im Werk Enescus einzigartig dasteht. Das Fragment der Nuages gehört zum Komplex der späten Kantate Vox maris. Es ist ein besonders reich instrumentiertes Tableau und in seiner Klanggewalt ein Gegenstück zu Isis.
 
On your latest recording, there are a pair of works - two movements from an incomplete violin concerto and the Phantasy for Piano and Orchestra - that have required extensive work with fragmentary sources and collaboration with other composers to create performable scores. Can you give me some insights into the processes that went into arriving at the performing scores for these works?
In the case of the Violin Concerto, I received copies of the original manuscript from Cornel Taranu. This eminent Romanian composer and Enescu connoisseur has repeatedly engaged in making arrangements and performing versions of works including the Caprice roumain and, most recently, the cantata Strigoii. There were a number of decisions to be made in producing a printed score that became the basis for this latest CD production. The fifteen-year-old Enescu also made a few mistakes in handling the orchestra in his score, which had to be corrected. Some cuts are indicated in his handwritten score, which we did not take into account in our first recording.

Pascal Bentoiu first showed me the Phantasy for Piano and Orchestra, but only in the form of an excerpt for two pianos written by Enescu. The score was lost after the only performance of this work in 1900. He asked me if I could "reconstruct" the orchestral part. But Taranu finally found the original score after extensive searches in Romanian archives. We then arranged for this work to be printed, although numerous notational questions had to be clarified. The music archive of the NDR Hannover is to be thanked for its great cooperation.

Auf Ihrer neuesten Aufnahme gibt es zwei Werke – zwei Sätze aus einem unvollständigen Violinkonzert und die Fantasie für Klavier und Orchester – die umfangreiche Arbeit mit fragmentarischen Quellen und die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Komponisten erforderten, um aufführbare Partituren zu schaffen. Können Sie mir einen Einblick in die Prozesse geben, die zur Entstehung der Aufführungspartituren für diese Werke geführt haben?
Im Falle des Violinkonzerts erhielt ich Kopien des Originalmanuskripts von Cornel Taranu, des bedeutenden rumänischen Komponisten und Enescu-Kenners, der sich wiederholt mit der Erstellung von Bearbeitungen und Aufführungsfassungen befasst hat, z.B. des Caprice roumain und jüngst der Kantate Strigoii. Es waren eine Reihe von Entscheidungen bei der Herstellung einer gedruckten Partitur zu treffen, die Grundlage der CD-Produktion wurden. Auch sind dem fünfzehnjährigen Enescu bei aller Sicherheit in der Orchesterbehandlung einige Fehler unterlaufen, die zu korrigieren waren. In seiner handschriftlichen Partitur sind einige Kürzungen angedeutet, die wir bei unserer Erstaufnahme nicht berücksichtigt haben.

Die Phantasie für Klavier und Orchester zeigte mir zuerst Pascal Bentoiu, allerdings nur in Gestalt eines von Enescu angefertigten Auszuges für zwei Klaviere. Die Partitur war nach der einzigen Aufführung dieses Werks im Jahre 1900 verloren gegangen. Er fragte mich, ob ich den Orchesterpart „rekonstruieren“ könnte. Aber Taranu fand schließlich nach umfangreichen Suchaktionen in rumänischen Archiven doch noch die originale Partitur. Wir veranlassten dann den Druck dieses Werkes, wobei allerdings zahlreiche Notationsfragen zu klären waren. Dem Notenarchiv des NDR Hannover ist sehr für die großartige Zusammenarbeit zu danken.
 
What does each work specifically tell us about Enescu that will be new to listeners?
It is a fascinating look at the beginnings of the young composer Enescu. At that time his role models were Beethoven and Brahms, but not Massenet and Fauré, his teachers during his studies at the Paris Conservatory. But Enescu didn't even try to copy his role models back then. Even in this early phase, his thematic approaches appear quite individual. The main theme of the first movement of the Violin Concerto, once heard, will not be forgotten.

Was sagt uns jedes Werk speziell über Enescu, das für die Zuhörer neu sein wird?
Es ist ein faszinierender Blick auf die Anfänge des jungen Komponisten Enescu. Seine Vorbilder waren damals Beethoven und Brahms, hingegen gar nicht seine akademischen Lehrer Massenet und Fauré während der Studienzeit am Pariser Konservatorium. Aber Enescu versuchte damals gar nicht erst, Vorbilder zu kopieren. Seine thematischen Ansätze erscheinen bereits in dieser frühen Phase durchaus ganz eigenpersönlich. Das Hauptthema des ersten Satzes des Violinkonzerts wird man, wenn man es einmal gehört hat, nicht mehr vergessen.
 
What did your collaborators – the violinist Carolin Widmann and pianist Luiza Borac – bring to recording these two works?
Both artists have worked out their solo parts lovingly and meticulously, examining and deciding on a number of passages that were not entirely clear. It was an ideal collaboration!

Was taten Ihre Mitarbeiter – die Geigerin Carolin Widmann und die Pianistin Luiza Borac – diese beiden Werke zur Aufnahme bringen?
Beide Künstlerinnen haben ihre Soloparts liebevoll und mit großer Akribie erarbeitet und hierbei eine Reihe von nicht ganz eindeutigen Stellen geprüft und entschieden. Es war eine ideale Zusammenarbeit!
 
You are, of course, also a highly distinguished composer in your own right. Has Enescu taught you anything as a composer or left an imprint on your thinking?
The in-depth knowledge of Enescu's music definitely influenced my own musical thinking. His musical progressions do not appear to have been “pre-planned”, but instead placed in a complex state of limbo by the constant changeability of the details. At times, it seems as if the music only received the impetus for the continuation of the sound speech at the moment of its sounding. Thus, his music is viewed over its entire duration, meaning that some features are accepted whilst others are rejected. It is a language that is shaped by both permanent pre-listening and fanned-out, reflective memory. And yet the tension between the smallest compositional cells and the total form is always compelling. Perhaps you can sense a reflex in some of my more recent scores, such as the 7th string quartet …POSSIBLE-A-CHAQUE-INSTANT or the new violin concerto EINDUNKELT.

Natürlich sind Sie auch selbst ein hoch angesehener Komponist. Hat Enescu Ihnen als Komponist etwas beigebracht oder Ihr Denken geprägt?
Die vertiefte Kenntnis der Musik Enescus hat durchaus Einfluss auf mein eigenes Musikdenken genommen. Seine musikalischen Verläufe erscheinen nicht „vorgedacht“, sondern durch beständige Veränderlichkeit im Detail in einen komplexen Schwebezustand versetzt. Bisweilen scheint es, als empfinge die Musik erst im Moment ihres Erklingens den Impetus zum Fortgang der Klangrede. Dies als ein langer Blick, der auch zurückweisen mag. Es ist eine Sprache, die von ebenso permanentem Vorhören wie aufgefächert-reflexiver Erinnerung geprägt ist. Und dennoch ist das Spannungsverhältnis von kleinsten kompositorischen Zellen und der Formtotale immer zwingend. Vielleicht mag man einen Reflex in einigen meiner jüngeren Partituren erspüren, etwa im 7. Streichquartett …POSSIBLE-A-CHAQUE-INSTANT oder dem neuen Violinkonzert EINGEDUNKELT.
 
Enescu is, of course, central to Romania’s musical identity. In the U.K., there has been growing interest in his compositions over the past thirty years – Oedipe, the major symphonies and his chamber output have all been performed here. How is Enescu’s work appreciated now in Germany?
I have the impression that the understanding of Enescu's music is growing and will continue to grow. The grandiose performances of his Oedipe at the Salzburg Festival in 2019 and in Paris in 2021 were artistic events that undoubtedly have repercussions. Zemlinsky's music has experienced a similar dynamic history of reception over the past few decades. And since Enescu's complete works are now available in consistently high-quality recordings, access is also easily accessible for a broader audience.

Enescu ist natürlich zentral für die musikalische Identität Rumäniens. In Großbritannien ist das Interesse an seinen Kompositionen in den letzten dreißig Jahren gewachsen – Oedipe , die wichtigsten Sinfonien und sein vielfältiges Kammermusikwerk wurden alle hier gehört. Wie wird Enescus Arbeit heute in Deutschland gewürdigt?
Ich habe den Eindruck, dass das Verständnis für die Musik Enescu immer stärker wächst und noch weiter wachsen wird. Die grandiosen Aufführungen seines Oedipe bei den Salzburger Festspielen 2019 und in Paris 2021 waren künstlerische Ereignisse, die fraglos Nachwirkungen haben. Eine ähnliche dynamische Rezeptionsgeschichte hat etwa auch die Musik Zemlinskys in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erlebt. Und da das Gesamtwerk Enescus mittlerweile in durchweg hochrangigen Aufnahmen vorliegt, ist auch für ein breiteres Publikum der Zugriff leicht zugänglich.
 
What are your future plans to perform and record Enescu’s works? His four ‘School’ symphonies are all but unknown – would you be interested in recording them?
The first and fourth "School" symphonies are available in good Romanian recordings. I am trying to look at the scores of the second and especially the third symphony. Here however, there is a strong reluctance of the Enescu Museum in Bucharest. It is believed that publication is not conducive to understanding Enescu. However, one overlooks the fact that Enescu himself conducted his first "School" symphony at a concert in Bucharest at a mature age, as a kind of compositional self-encountering. He stood by this music from his youth. Perhaps after hearing the two early symphonies I am preparing you will change your mind about the importance of early work.

Enescus Werke aufzuführen und aufzunehmen? Seine vier „Schul“-Symphonien sind so gut wie unbekannt – wären Sie daran interessiert, sie aufzunehmen?
Die erste und vierte „Schul“-Symphonie liegt in guten rumänischen Aufnahmen vor. Ich bemühe mich, die Partituren der zweiten und besonders der dritten Symphonie einzusehen. Hier gibt es allerdings eine starke Zurückhaltung des Enescu-Museums in Bukarest. Man meint, dass eine Veröffentlichung für das Verständnis Enescus nicht dienlich ist. Allerdings übersieht man dabei, dass Enescu etwa seine erste „Schul“-Symphonie selbst noch im reifen Alter in einem Konzert in Bukarest dirigiert hat, gewissermaßen als kompositorische Selbstbegegnung. Er stand zu dieser Musik aus seiner Jugendzeit. Vielleicht wird man nach Kenntnis der beiden frühen, von mir jetzt vorgelegten Werke, seine Meinung über die Bedeutung des frühen Schaffens ändern.
 
Thank you very much for your time and a very interesting conversation! I wish you well with your future performances of Enescu’s work.

Vielen Dank für Ihre Zeit und das sehr interessante Gespräch! Ich wünsche Ihnen alles Gute für Ihre zukünftigen Aufführungen von Enescus Werk.


Sunday, April 3, 2022

CD Review: Visions (EnAccord string quartet) Etcetera KTC1691

Visions is the second recording made by the all-female Dutch EnAccord string quartet. It follows the format of their previous release by presenting a varied programme of ‘gems from the quartet literature’, as the albums subtitle terms it. That is no understatement either, as there are some rarely performed gems deserving of a wider audience included here. The repertoire varies from Purcell to Mendelssohn, Lekeu, Maddelena Sirmen and Elizabeth Maconchy. Selected movements of Prokofiev’s Visions Fugitives, sensitively arranged for string quartet by Sergei Samsonov, intersperse the other pieces to run through the recording as a spine of interludes that are quirky, humorous or ferocious in their turn. The mood of each is judged appositely by the quartet.


Several of the works recorded here present their composer’s viewpoints on writing for a string quartet within one or two movements. Purcell’s Chacony in G minor begins the recital, full voiced and aware of the intricacies of instrumental interplay at work; yet a sense of veiled melancholy is never far from the surface. Guillaume Lekeu’s single movement Meditation is the most extensive single movement work included here. Initially there are potential links with the ambiance of Purcell’s Chacony that might be inferred, however the EnAccord string quartet clearly love this music (as do I) and play Lekeu’s passionate outpouring for all it is worth. A shaping of line, a feeling for sonority and acknowledgement of emotion are all present in the playing. Elizabeth Maconchy’s third string quartet, written in a single movement of five linked sections, has been described as ‘a psychological thriller in which four instruments disagree heartily’. There is indeed something quite Hitchcockian to the way their characters are played off against one another or the tension is slowly ratcheted up throughout its duration. Most involving, and one suspects, as interesting to play as to listen to.

Venetian-born Maddelena Sirmen (1745-1818) wrote the second of her six string quartets in just two movements. The Andantino first movement is charming, refined and, like the Allegro which follows it, is written with considerable skill. The EnAccord players bring out the inner passions of the music and imbue it with a sense of light and shade that benefits it greatly, as does the players’ ability to layer individual instrumental lines to build beautiful sonorities. Felix Mendelssohn’s seventh string quartet, also in two movements, presents another take on a compacted quartet form. The theme and variations first movement is almost Schubertian in its artfulness, whilst the second movement recaptures the brilliance of Mendelssohn’s own youth.

The admirable EnAccord string quartet are captured in a recording that presents them in faultless sound: Ilka van der Plasa and Helena Druwé’s violins are bright yet never over-steely of tone, Rosalinde Kluck’s viola carries a hue of caramel richness, whilst Maike Reisener’s cello is warm and supportive of the quartet’s overall sound. The liner notes by Koen Uvin are serviceable yet not too extensive on each work. In short, this is an interesting programme by a young quartet intent on broadening the repertoire beyond the standard fare. They play it all with style and conviction, so this recording is very warmly recommended.

Looking to the future, the EnAccord quartet may wish to record further selections of bon-bons from the literature, but complete cycles of the Sirmen and Maconchy string quartets would be good to have. Whilst there are recorded cycles available, they are either in less-than-ideal recorded sound or are now hard to obtain.

Saturday, April 2, 2022

CD Review: Rachmaninov Liturgy of St John Chrysostom (Estonian Chamber Choir) BIS2571

For Rachmaninov, the liturgy of the Russian Orthodox Church and the music associated with it had a deeply personal significance. He expressed this with a masterful command of vocal expression in his 1915 setting of the All Night Vigil Service, or Vespers, Op. 37. Less well known, and far less acknowledged for its beauty and importance, is a work from five years earlier, the Liturgy of St John Chrysostom, Op. 31. 


As Andrew Huth observes in his excellent accompanying liner notes, “It consists of a sequence of prayers, psalms and hymns, which are sung or chanted by various participants: the celebrants, choir and congregation. The language is not modern Russian but the form of Old Church Slavonic preserved to this day in Orthodox services.” He goes on to outline the unique path that Rachmaninov took in composing his acapella setting by using his own melodies. This was in opposition to the traditional practice of singing in unison or the approaches of predecessors including Tchaikovsky or Rimsky-Korsakov.

It is likely that Rachmaninov wrote the Liturgy for performance within a church service. Although written for four-part choir, the lower voices dominate the setting. At key moments though light is added through the soaring soprano lines. There is a richness to the performance by the excellent Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir under the direction of conductor Kaspars Putniņš. As a whole, the performance has great beauty, resulting from the carefully blended vocal lines. Individual movements stand out to illustrate both the quality of this recording and the primacy of the text. The Lord’s Prayer is captured within an apt sense of reverence, whilst The Prayer for Peace reflects the sense of tender reflection that infuses much of Rachmaninov’s writing. Raul Mikson’s nasal tenor tone is well suited to the role of the Celebrant and Olari Viikholm bass adds a touch of inky drama to the part of the Deacon.
The recording, made in the Niguliste Church in Tallinn, captures the resonant acoustic and this adds much atmosphere to the listening experience.

Interview with pianist Daria Parkhomenko about her recording of Enescu's music

The debut recording from pianist Daria Parkhomenko, a Russian of Romanian origin, features three major works by George Enescu. To celebrate ...